Example research essay topic Ariosto 1,181 words Essay Example

Example research essay topic: Ariosto 1,181 words Essay Italian poet, remembered primarily for his ORLANDO FURIOSO, published in its final version in 1532. Ariostos work was the most celebrated narrative poem of the Italian high Renaissance, and the first example of modern poetry to provoke widespread critical controvesy. Ariosto was born in Reggio Emilia, as the son of Count Niccol Ariosto. At the age of then his family moved to Ferrera, where he studied law from 1489 to1494. There he also started to study Latin and Greek language and literature. When his father died in 1500, Ariosto assumed for some years the management of family estates as the eldest of 10 children. In 1502 he became commander of the fort of Canossa, and the next year he entered the service of Cardidal Ippolito dEste. In 1513 Ariosto met Alessandra Benucci. After the death of her husband, Tito Strozzi, she became Ariostos mistress. Because the family had settled comfortably in Ferrara, Ariosto refused to accompany Cardinal dEste to Hungary, and entered the service of Alfonso I, Duke of Ferrara, Cardinals brother. In 1522 he was sent to govern the Garfagnana region in the wildest part of the Apuan Alps. He returned after three years from the bandit-ridden post to Ferrara. In about 1505 Arisoto began writing Orlando Furioso. The poem was a continuation of Matteo Maria Boiardos Orlando innamorato. Its first edition appeared in Venice in 1516 and was later revised in 1521 and 1532. The main character, Orlando, goes mad (furioso) because his love for the beautiful Angelica is not returned. Other themes are the war between Christians and Saracens, and the secondary love story of Ruggiero and Bradamante. Orlando Furioso presented a rich variety of characters, mixed romance, epic, and lyrical poetry, and made fun of outmoded chivalric manners. Later the poem had a profound influence on such poets as Tasso, Spenser, and Lope de Vega. It also fascinated artists, and in the mid-1700s G.B. We will write a custom essay sample on Example research essay topic: Ariosto 1,181 words specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Example research essay topic: Ariosto 1,181 words specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Example research essay topic: Ariosto 1,181 words specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Tiepolo painted in Villa Valmarana in Vicenza frescoes illustrating its scenes. Ariosto also wrote seven satires, begining in 1514, and five comedies. As a member of a group organized to produce plays by Plautus and Terrence at the Este court of Ferrara, he became especially familiar with their approaches to comedy, and their work later became the model for his own dramas. In LA CASSARIA (The Coffer, prose version in 1508, verse version in 1531) two servants succeed in arranging desirable marriages for their masters. IL SUPPOSITI (The Pretenders, prose version 1509, verse version 1528/31) was based on Terences The Eunuch and Plautuss The Captives. Shakespeare used parts of the work in his play The Taming of the Shrew. IL NEGROMANTE (The Necromancer, 1520), centered on a marriage kept secret, GLI STUDENTI (The Students, 1519), was an unfinished comedy of frustrated love, and LA LENA (Lena, 1528) was based on the story of Peronella in Boccaccios Decameron. Around 1527 Ariosto secretly married the widow Alessandra Benucci, and spent the last part of his life revising and enlarging Orlando Furioso. Ariosto died in Ferrara on July 6, 1533. a chi piace la chierca a chi la spada, a chi la patria, a chi gli strani liti. Che vuole andare a torno, a torno vada; vegga Inghilterra, Ongheria, Francia e Spagna; (from Mal pu dirar il rosignuolo in gabbia) Orlando Furioso (Orlando Enraged) This work is a continuation of the Orlando Innamorato of Matteo Maria Boiardo, which was left unfinished upon the authors death in 1494. It begins more or less at the point where Boiardo left it. This is a brief synopsis of Boiardos work, omitting most of the numerous digressions and incidental episodes associated with these events: To the court of King Charlemagne comes Angelica (daughter to the king of Cathay, or India) and her brother Argalia. Angelica is the most beautiful woman any of the Peers have ever seen, and all want her. However, in order to take her as wife they must first defeat Argalia in combat. The two most stricken by her are Orlando and Ranaldo (Rinaldo in Rose). When Argalia falls to the heathen knight Ferrau, Angelica flees with Orlando and Ranaldo in hot pursuit. Along the way, both Angelica and Ranaldo drink magic waters Angelica is filled with a burning love for Ranaldo, but Ranaldo is now indifferent. Eventually, Orlando and Ranaldo arrive at Angelicas castle. Others also gather at Angelicas castle, including Agricane, King of Tartary; Sacripant, King of Circassia; Agramante, King of Africa and Marfisa (Marphisa in Rose), an Asian warrior-Queen. Except for Orlando and Ranaldo, all are heathen Meanwhile, France is threatened by heathen invaders. Led by King Gradasso of Sericana (whose principal reason for going to war is to obtain Orlandos sword, Durindana) and King Rodomonte of Sarzia, a Holy War between Pagans and Christians ensues. Ranaldo leaves Angelicas castle, and Angelica and a very love-sick (but very chaste and proper) Orlando, set out for France in search of him. Again the same waters as before are drunk from, but this time in reverse Ranaldo now burns for Angelica, but Angelica is now indifferent. Ranaldo and Orlando now begin to fight over her, but King Charlemagne (fearing the consequences if his two best knights kill each other in combat) intervenes and promises Angelica to whichever of the two fights the best against the heathen; he leaves her in the care of Duke Namus. Orlando and Ranaldo arrive in Paris just in time to repulse an attack by Agramante. Namus camp is overrun by the heathen. Angelica escapes, with Ranaldo in pursuit. Also in pursuit is Ferrau, who (because he had defeated Argalia) considers Angelica his. It is at this point that the poem breaks off. While the Orlando-Ranaldo-Angelica triangle is going on, the stories of other knights and their loves are mixed in. Most important of these is that of the female knight Bradamante (sister of Ranaldo), who falls in love with a very noble heathen knight named Ruggiero (Rogero in Rose). Ruggiero, who is said to be a descendent of Alexander the Great and Hector, also falls in love with Bradamante, but because they are fighting on opposite sides it is felt that their love is hopeless. Nevertheless, it is prophecised that they shall wed and found the famous Este line, who shall rise to become one of the major families of Medieval and Renaissance Italy (it is worth noting that the Estes where the patrons of both Boiardo and Ariosto). Opposed to this prophecy is Atlantes, an African wizard who seeks to derail fate and keep Ruggiero from becoming a Christian. By the end of the poem, Ruggiero is imprisoned in Atlantes castle. However, Bradamante (who has decided to follow her heart) is in pursuit of her love, and is not too far away. It is the Bradamante-Ruggiero story that eventually takes center stage in Ariostos work. Other characters of importance: Astolfo, a Peer and friend of Orlando, who is kidnaped by the evil witch Morgana and her sister Alcina; Mandricardo, a fierce but hot-headed heathen; and a young knight named Brandimarte, who falls in love with (and wins the heart of) the beautiful Fiordelisa (Flordelice in Rose). Allplay major or semi-major roles in the events of Ariostos poem. Bibliography:. Example research essay topic Ariosto 1,181 words Essay Example Example research essay topic: Ariosto 1,181 words Essay Italian poet, remembered primarily for his ORLANDO FURIOSO, published in its final version in 1532. Ariostos work was the most celebrated narrative poem of the Italian high Renaissance, and the first example of modern poetry to provoke widespread critical controvesy. Ariosto was born in Reggio Emilia, as the son of Count Niccol Ariosto. At the age of then his family moved to Ferrera, where he studied law from 1489 to1494. There he also started to study Latin and Greek language and literature. When his father died in 1500, Ariosto assumed for some years the management of family estates as the eldest of 10 children. In 1502 he became commander of the fort of Canossa, and the next year he entered the service of Cardidal Ippolito dEste. In 1513 Ariosto met Alessandra Benucci. After the death of her husband, Tito Strozzi, she became Ariostos mistress. Because the family had settled comfortably in Ferrara, Ariosto refused to accompany Cardinal dEste to Hungary, and entered the service of Alfonso I, Duke of Ferrara, Cardinals brother. In 1522 he was sent to govern the Garfagnana region in the wildest part of the Apuan Alps. He returned after three years from the bandit-ridden post to Ferrara. In about 1505 Arisoto began writing Orlando Furioso. The poem was a continuation of Matteo Maria Boiardos Orlando innamorato. Its first edition appeared in Venice in 1516 and was later revised in 1521 and 1532. The main character, Orlando, goes mad (furioso) because his love for the beautiful Angelica is not returned. Other themes are the war between Christians and Saracens, and the secondary love story of Ruggiero and Bradamante. Orlando Furioso presented a rich variety of characters, mixed romance, epic, and lyrical poetry, and made fun of outmoded chivalric manners. Later the poem had a profound influence on such poets as Tasso, Spenser, and Lope de Vega. It also fascinated artists, and in the mid-1700s G.B. We will write a custom essay sample on Example research essay topic: Ariosto 1,181 words specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Example research essay topic: Ariosto 1,181 words specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Example research essay topic: Ariosto 1,181 words specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Tiepolo painted in Villa Valmarana in Vicenza frescoes illustrating its scenes. Ariosto also wrote seven satires, begining in 1514, and five comedies. As a member of a group organized to produce plays by Plautus and Terrence at the Este court of Ferrara, he became especially familiar with their approaches to comedy, and their work later became the model for his own dramas. In LA CASSARIA (The Coffer, prose version in 1508, verse version in 1531) two servants succeed in arranging desirable marriages for their masters. IL SUPPOSITI (The Pretenders, prose version 1509, verse version 1528/31) was based on Terences The Eunuch and Plautuss The Captives. Shakespeare used parts of the work in his play The Taming of the Shrew. IL NEGROMANTE (The Necromancer, 1520), centered on a marriage kept secret, GLI STUDENTI (The Students, 1519), was an unfinished comedy of frustrated love, and LA LENA (Lena, 1528) was based on the story of Peronella in Boccaccios Decameron. Around 1527 Ariosto secretly married the widow Alessandra Benucci, and spent the last part of his life revising and enlarging Orlando Furioso. Ariosto died in Ferrara on July 6, 1533. a chi piace la chierca a chi la spada, a chi la patria, a chi gli strani liti. Che vuole andare a torno, a torno vada; vegga Inghilterra, Ongheria, Francia e Spagna; (from Mal pu dirar il rosignuolo in gabbia) Orlando Furioso (Orlando Enraged) This work is a continuation of the Orlando Innamorato of Matteo Maria Boiardo, which was left unfinished upon the authors death in 1494. It begins more or less at the point where Boiardo left it. This is a brief synopsis of Boiardos work, omitting most of the numerous digressions and incidental episodes associated with these events: To the court of King Charlemagne comes Angelica (daughter to the king of Cathay, or India) and her brother Argalia. Angelica is the most beautiful woman any of the Peers have ever seen, and all want her. However, in order to take her as wife they must first defeat Argalia in combat. The two most stricken by her are Orlando and Ranaldo (Rinaldo in Rose). When Argalia falls to the heathen knight Ferrau, Angelica flees with Orlando and Ranaldo in hot pursuit. Along the way, both Angelica and Ranaldo drink magic waters Angelica is filled with a burning love for Ranaldo, but Ranaldo is now indifferent. Eventually, Orlando and Ranaldo arrive at Angelicas castle. Others also gather at Angelicas castle, including Agricane, King of Tartary; Sacripant, King of Circassia; Agramante, King of Africa and Marfisa (Marphisa in Rose), an Asian warrior-Queen. Except for Orlando and Ranaldo, all are heathen Meanwhile, France is threatened by heathen invaders. Led by King Gradasso of Sericana (whose principal reason for going to war is to obtain Orlandos sword, Durindana) and King Rodomonte of Sarzia, a Holy War between Pagans and Christians ensues. Ranaldo leaves Angelicas castle, and Angelica and a very love-sick (but very chaste and proper) Orlando, set out for France in search of him. Again the same waters as before are drunk from, but this time in reverse Ranaldo now burns for Angelica, but Angelica is now indifferent. Ranaldo and Orlando now begin to fight over her, but King Charlemagne (fearing the consequences if his two best knights kill each other in combat) intervenes and promises Angelica to whichever of the two fights the best against the heathen; he leaves her in the care of Duke Namus. Orlando and Ranaldo arrive in Paris just in time to repulse an attack by Agramante. Namus camp is overrun by the heathen. Angelica escapes, with Ranaldo in pursuit. Also in pursuit is Ferrau, who (because he had defeated Argalia) considers Angelica his. It is at this point that the poem breaks off. While the Orlando-Ranaldo-Angelica triangle is going on, the stories of other knights and their loves are mixed in. Most important of these is that of the female knight Bradamante (sister of Ranaldo), who falls in love with a very noble heathen knight named Ruggiero (Rogero in Rose). Ruggiero, who is said to be a descendent of Alexander the Great and Hector, also falls in love with Bradamante, but because they are fighting on opposite sides it is felt that their love is hopeless. Nevertheless, it is prophecised that they shall wed and found the famous Este line, who shall rise to become one of the major families of Medieval and Renaissance Italy (it is worth noting that the Estes where the patrons of both Boiardo and Ariosto). Opposed to this prophecy is Atlantes, an African wizard who seeks to derail fate and keep Ruggiero from becoming a Christian. By the end of the poem, Ruggiero is imprisoned in Atlantes castle. However, Bradamante (who has decided to follow her heart) is in pursuit of her love, and is not too far away. It is the Bradamante-Ruggiero story that eventually takes center stage in Ariostos work. Other characters of importance: Astolfo, a Peer and friend of Orlando, who is kidnaped by the evil witch Morgana and her sister Alcina; Mandricardo, a fierce but hot-headed heathen; and a young knight named Brandimarte, who falls in love with (and wins the heart of) the beautiful Fiordelisa (Flordelice in Rose). Allplay major or semi-major roles in the events of Ariostos poem. Bibliography:.

Inescapeabilty of the Horrors of the Civil War essays

Inescapeabilty of the Horrors of the Civil War essays The destruction left by the Civil War was a time in American history that was necessary for the natural progression of human kind. While its horrors and often sanguinary tactics left the hearts of both Confederate and Union soldiers hollow, it was inevitable it its birth. The depths behind its unavoidance falls to the nations failure of compromises, its unsteady legs of a young nation, but most importantly it was the passions of the American people that brought the Civil War to life. Leading up to the events of the Civil War, that nations attempts at compromising show the almost impossible outcome of an acceptance in both the North and the South. Regarding the Compromise of 1850, the need to placate both the North and the South led to the outcome of neither truly gaining what they wanted. Angers still burned and resentment still existed despite the compromise, illustrating the growth that would have to continue to find a different solution: the Civil War. The weakness of compromises is displayed in the Kansas-Nebraska act, which basically ignored the Missouri Compromise of 1820. The later compromise had forbidden slavery north of the 36 30 line in which Douglas sought to change to popular sovereignty in the Kansas-Nebraska act. People, the North in particular, were left with a feeling of caution and unable to be comforted by a compromise when such a significant one had been so conveniently ignored. Compromising was not helping the people, and left them with li ttle else to turn to. The nations youth was another key factor in the lead in of the Civil War. There was no history for the nation to rely on and to support them in these difficult and trying times. They could not be comforted by the fact that they had survived so long and thus the reasoning for staying together was less powerful. Also, because of the nations childhood, state obligations were raised above obligations to ones country ...

DODEA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DODEA - Essay Example titutions are based on the fact that instructors chosen by the military exerts more effort in inculcating discipline not only within the school staff and personnel but also to their students and their respective families as well. This consist of regular and standardized monitoring which is made along with counseling and follow-ups to impart appropriate and acceptable principles and behavior regarding family and community aspects (Andrew 1-2). Relatively, children from DoDEA who are well disciplined also perform academically better than those of their counterparts in the local public schools since they are rigorously required to come up with the high standard of the school and excel in their marks (Randolph 1-2). Being an achiever is a by-product of DoDEA schools since students are encouraged to be their finest both in curricular and extra-curricular activities. Hence giving their best with the primary objective of having to excel (Brooklyn 1-4). It also goes true that DoDEA students or children have a wholesome sense of security which really sets them apart from the students enrolled in conventional public schools. The inspiration of keeping themselves and their environment secure stems from the way the administration or management handles them once they go out of line from the pre-set standards and regulations of the school. The procedure that is often employed by the said schools starts from interviewing the wayward student, then consulting with the parents/guardians to discuss concerns on behavior in order to determine whether further mental or health evaluation is necessary (Safe Schools Newsletter 2). In this regard, the counselors within DoDEA schools are cautioned to refrain from emotional responses that may excite or anger the emotionally disturbed student. Such appropriate handling works in a way that the child will learn how to respond and react calmly when faced with distressing situations; and will normally faci litate retention of normality

Marketing in the Information Age for Specialty Record Music Store Research Paper

Marketing in the Information Age for Specialty Record Music Store - Research Paper Example There exists a music store on Queen Street West in Toronto containing theme based CD's, records and DVD's. The collections are based on the cultural interests of the shop owners. The store does not have any online presence. Store enjoys reasonable amount of foot fall. But, due to the unorganized nature of the shop very few people actually buy the collection. As a matter of fact many people fail to locate the desired music collection due to unorganized nature of the shop. Due to the lack of online presence and hence losses customers to larger firms like HMV. The store owner also has 50% ownership of a local bar that specializes in in-house music.Based on the above the background thee study looks to provide a proposed marketing diagnostic plan. The plan includes the used of strategic and marketing concepts like AIDA model and SWOT analysis. The study also focuses on social media and viral marketing conceptsBased on the back ground of the study and the SWOT analysis it can be understood that the shop has entered in to a viscous circle. Customers are visiting the shop; but due to the organized nature of the shop, people are losing interests, People are switching to other firms like HMV through the online medium. Add to that the firm has no online presenceThe first step towards making the digital presence is to have a website. As mentioned earlier having a business without a website is like having a business without face. If the store owner does not have the expertise, then it can be outsourced to any SEO company

What is economic diplomacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What is economic diplomacy - Essay Example on the part of the countries to negotiate the right course of action which is required for the economic as well as the trade activities and processes for the different players present in the market or the industry for that matter. These could include the tactics which are there for the short term aimed as making alliances and mergers and the strategic shifts towards social development with the help of growth and cooperation hand in hand. The international political and economic relations between different states and countries has promoted as well as saved the varied interests of these nations when it comes to the relevant discussion regarding the economic diplomacy. The superpowers of the world are focusing their attention on the well being of their respective economies whereby the production levels in these countries in relation to different goods and the provision of services has increased and got better in the years that have passed by. There is so much competition that a nation cannot stay at a place for a considerable period of time and it needs to evolve and change its direction every now and then. Economic diplomacy ensures that the countries remain on their toes to the ever changing market conditions and remain attentive to the industrial amendments which happen from time to time. Thus the countries carry out their external economic relations with the help of the tool that we call as the economic diplomacy. This is not a new phenomenon in the related contexts but surely one which will stick on for years to come in the field of economic development and prosperity of nations. The changing role of the nations in the wake of their joining different alliances and treaties like NAFTA, WTO, EU, ASEAN and the like suggests that there is constant upheaval on the domestic and international front and that the diplomatic activities will continue to suffice in the times to come. Economic diplomacy takes care of the factors which include aid, trade, reduction in

Importance of Companion Animals in Human Societies

Importance of Companion Animals in Human Societies Naomi Smallcalder Abstract Animals have been used throughout history as companions especially for people who mental and physical health problems. Even Florris Nightingale discussed the effects that birds had on patients that were confined to one room. However throughout history the same has applied to our relationship with animals. People will decide whether they want to have a companion animal in their life, and the relationship will begin. But how does this relationship effect the animals involved? Is our relationship with animals a symbiotic one or do we use them for our own needs? Introduction The Oxford English Dictionary defines a pet as: ‘Any animal that is domesticated or tamed and kept as favourite, or treated with indulgence and fondness.’ (Oxford University Press, 2014). This word is commonly used to describes animals that are kept for no obvious practical or economic purpose – i.e. pets, as apposed to livestock or working animals. Throughout history animals have been kept for symbolic purposes, they are used as status symbols, and were even used as toys, (Tuan, 1984). Pets are often referred to as ‘companion animals’, scientists believe that the human and animal bond can produce a positive and an affectionate relationship which is mutually beneficial for both, (One Kind, 2010a). History of Pet Keeping The keeping of dogs, cats and other species as household pets is so widespread in Western countries that it is usually taken for granted. It is believed that half of the households in Britain contain at least one pet animal, the number of pets is higher in countries such as France and the United States, (Serpell, 1986). In Australia the Aborigines kept Dingoes, Wallabies, Possums, Bandicoots and even frogs as pets, (Meggit, 1965). In Southeast Asia indigenous tribes would keep dogs, cats, pigs and monkeys, (Evans, 1937; Cipriani, 1966). North American tribes would keep a variety of animals such as deer, wolves, turkeys and a variety of small wild mammals and birds, (Elmendorf Kroeber 1960). Tribes inhabiting the American Basin, the keeping and taming of wild animals became a minor industry. Henry Walter Bates, an English Naturalist, was the first to record a list of twenty-two unidentified mammals which were living tame in Indian Settlements, (Galton, 1883a). Even though pet keeping was seen throughout Western cultures, it would be considered indecent in modern Europe or North America if a women was to allow a puppy or kitten to suckle at her breast. Yet in many tribal societies allowing young animals to suckle is considered normal and natural. Several years ago it was found that many North American tribes were extremely fond of pets but would also bring the animals up, (Galton, 1883a). In all societies people pamper, talk and name their pets. They even grief when they die or are separated from them. (Galton, 1883a). Impact and Significance of Pet Keeping for Humans Many scientists and people believe that they and others develop health benefits from relationships with their animal companions, several scientific studies produced over the past 25 years support these beliefs, (Allen et al, 2007a). Evidence has shown that animals are able to improve human cardiovascular health, reduce stress, decrease loneliness and depression, and provide social interactions between people who have pets, (Allen et al, 2007a). People who are terminally ill or pregnant are advised to not interact with companion animals due to risk of zoonosis. Although giving up their animals can have a detrimental rather than beneficial effect on their overall health, (Allen et al, 2007a). Research dating back to the 1980’s showed that pet ownership has positive benefits on human health. These benefits ranged from higher survival rates from myocardial infection; a reduced risk of asthma in children; a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and physical wellbeing in older people, (Friedmannm et al, 1980). As early as the 18th century William Tuke, a Quaker Philanthropist who ran an asylum for people with severe mental disorders, he discovered that his patients gained health benefits from being around animals. Thus the courtyards of the asylum were stocked with rabbits, seagulls and poultry in the hope it would give the people greater responsibility and self-control. It was recommended by the British Charity Commissioners that sheep, hares, monkeys and other domestic animals should be added to these institutions, to create a less hostile, more attractive environment. Florence Nightingale, wrote in her ‘Notes of Nursing’ (1880) suggested that people that were confined to the same room because of medical problems gained pleasure from the presence of a bird, (The British Psychological Society, 2011). Physiological Benefits There have been numerous studies which indicate that pets provide their owners with physiological benefits. Whether pet interaction is active or passive, it reduces the anxiety levels in people and reduces the progression of stress-related conditions, (Wilson, 1991). Blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate was recorded between 3 and 9 minutes and this was recorded in 24 subjects. They were recorded petting an unknown dog, a dog whom they had a bond with, or they read quietly. They discovered there was significant differences in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure between petting a dog where a companion bond had been established and petting a dog where there was no bond. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure decrease when petting a dog, (Baun, et al, 1984). Cardiovascular benefits It has also been noted that owning a dog can reduce an owners blood pressure, (Allen, 2001). Contact with any animal, even watching fish in an aquarium, can provide cardiovascular benefits. Health benefits are associated with animal companionship when the animal being cared for does not pose a burden to the person and the animals behaviour is acceptable to the person, (Friedmann et al, 1995). A three study by the Baker Medical Research Institute involving over 5,000 participants showed that pet owners had lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels than non-pet owners, even after smoking and weight was taken into consideration. Another study by Erika Friedmann, University of Maryland School of Nursing found that pet owners who experienced heart attacks had increased their survival rates compared to those who without companion animals, (Hering, 2008). Children and Animals Researchers have identified that kids who grew up with a pet, like a dog or cat, or who lived on a farm with plenty of livestock are less likely to develop asthma or allergies. From this they produced a ‘hygiene hypothesis’ – the idea that modern lifestyles are too clean, therefore our immune systems are not exposed to enough bacteria, viruses and parasites, (Fujimura et al, 2013a). A team of researchers from the University of Michigan exposed a group of mice to dust particles produced by a dog, the other group of mice they left. Both groups were then exposed to dust which triggered asthma. They found that the mice that had been exposed to the dogs dust showed a lower inflammation in their airways compared to other group of mice, (Fujimura et al, 2013a). The views of pets are completely different across the world. In Islamic culture dogs are seen as impure, several injunctions warn Muslims against contact with dogs, they believe dogs are not hygienic are therefore not kept in the house, (Banderker, 2014). America, Canada, Europe, Southern parts of Africa and Oceania, mainly Christians. Dogs are more popular in these areas of the world. Whereas in places such as Arabia, North Africa and parts of Asia, are mostly Muslims, dogs are not popular pets. In regions that are mostly Hindu, pets are very popular due to their importance in their religion. There is not a lot of evidence which backs up the importance of pets in Buddhism, (Bousfield and Brown, 2010). Impact and Significance to Animals The main studies have been conducted on how animals affect their owner’s lives, but not a lot of research has been conducted on the impact of animals kept as pets. Many people consider their pets to be members of the family. People who own animals suggest that the feeling is mutual, as their pets seek attention from their owners. Pets provide unconditional love to their owners, (Lin, 2014a). There are several arguments that suggest that cats, dogs and other pets suffer at the hands of their owners. Another argument is the relationship is inherently flawed and it is believed that humans are unable to provide the full lives that these animals deserve. This is because they are bred to be dependent on us, the basic relationship between human and animals is weak, (Lin, 2014a; Smith, 2014). Animals lives are restricted to the homes they live in, they must obey commands and are restricted on what they are allowed to do. It is believed that domestic animals retain many of their basic instincts, however it is not ethically acceptable to allow a dog to wonder on their own, as it is detrimental to their heath and others, (PETA, 2014). As domestic animals depend on humans for their survival, it would be cruel to allow them to live on the streets, (Lina, 2014a). There are too many situations where an animal derives no benefit being kept as a pet. Some animals such as ‘status dogs’ are acquired and traded more as trophies rather than kept as friends. In some homes pets are neglected or even ill-treated by their owners, (One Kind, 2010a). There are several pets which are exploited in the commercial trade. Breeding pedigree animals as pets can lead to severe health problems. There are many pet animals which have been selectively bred, which can cause dogs to have eye problems, heart, respiratory and skin conditions, and hereditary diseases, which is all connected to specialised breeding, such as the Pug and the Hairless Cat, both these designers animals have been exploited by humans for the benefit of humans. (Advocates for Animals, 2006). Many exotic species are unsuited for domestic life which is why a lot of research has been conducted on keeping exotic animals as pets. Exotic animals that are used in the pet trade are taken from Australia, Africa and Brazil, they are subjected to cruel transport. Parrots often have their beaks and feet taped and can be stuffed into plastic tubes, some animals are hidden in luggage and concealed in special vests so that couriers can bypass x-ray machines at airports, (PETA, 2014a). There is increasing evidence that the import of exotic species for the pet trade threatens not only the survival of wild species but can also risk the health of humans, domestic animals and native wildlife. Many exotic species suffer because owners do not know how to care for them properly. As these animals mature, they can become expensive to maintain, they soon develop behavioural problems and can become a long-term commitment. Owners then feel they can no longer handle the animal. Consequently these animals are often neglected, euthanized or released into the wild, (Schuppli and Faser, 2000). Conclusion Companion animals, play a very significant role in the lives of many humans. They advance psychological and physical well-being to their human companions. The basis of their relationship is that humans decide to keep animals. Some animals may choose to seek the company of humans. Although some humans change their lives to accommodate an animal they still have the power to maintain or break the relationship – by selling the animal, placing the animal in a shelter or euthanizing that animal. When someone decides to keep a companion animal, the animals life will be controlled by humans to suit humans needs. Animals are affected by legislation – under laws animals are generally seen as possessions. Therefore the relationship between humans and animals, is more a form of animal use rather than a symbiotic relationship, (Sandoe and Christiansen, 2008). References Advocates for Animals (2006) ‘The Price of a Pedigree: Dog breed standards and breed-related illness’ [Online] Available from Advocates for Animals, http://www.onekind.org/uploads/publications/price-of-a-pedigree.pdf, Accessed 19/05/2014 at 12:05 Allen, K. (2001) Pet ownership, but Not ACE Inhibitor Therapy, Blunts Home Blood Pressure Response. Hypertension, 38; 815 Allen, K. Barker, S. Beck, A. Bell, D. Frederickson, M. Freng, J. Gerbasi, K. Gordon, E. Hart, L. Johnson, R. Ng, Z. Odendaal, J. O’Connor, A. Salman, M and Wong, B (2007a) ‘The Health Benefits of Companion Animals’ [Online] Available from Pets are Wonderful Support, http://www.pawssf.org/document.doc?id=15, Accessed 19/04/2014 at 11:19 Banderker, A.M (2014) ‘Animal Abuse and Welfare in Islam’ [Online] Available from IslamicConcern.com, http://www.islamicconcern.com/dogs.asp, Accessed 19/04/2014 at 11:53 Baun, MM. Bergstrom, N. Langston, NF. And Thoma, L (1984) ‘Physiological effects of human/companion animal bonding’ [Online] Available from NCBI, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6563527, Accessed 19/04/2014 at 11:38 Bousfield, B and Brown, R (2010) ‘What is Animal Welfare’ [Online] Available from Animal Welfare, https://www.afcd.gov.hk/english/quarantine/qua_vb/files/AW8.pdf, Accessed 19/04/2014 at 11:55 Cipriani, L. (1966) The Andaman islanders. London: Times Books Elmendorf, W.W Kroeber, K.L (1960) The structure of Twana culture with comparative notes on the structure of Yurok culture. Washington University Research Studies, Monograph 2, 1-28. Evans, I.H.N (1937) The Negritos of Malaysia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Friedmann E, Katcher AH, Lynch JJ, Thomas S (1980) Animal companions and one year survival of patients after discharge from a coronary care unit. Public Health Rep; 95: 30712 Friedmann, E and Thomas, S.A, (1995) Pet ownership, social support and one year survival among post-mycardial infarction patients in the cardiac arrhythmia suppression trial (CAST) Am J Cardiology 76; 1213 1217 Friedmann, E.A, Katcher, S.A, Lynch, T.J.J and Messent, P.R (1983a) Interaction and blood pressure; influence of animal companions. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases 171, 461-5 Fujimura, K.E. Demoor, T. Rauch, M. Faruqi, A.A. Jang, S. Johnson, C.C. Boushey, H.A. Zoratti, E. Ownby, D. Lukacs, N.W and Lynch, S.V (2013a) ‘House dust exposure mediates gut microbiome Lactobacillus enrichment and airway immune defense against allergens and virus infection’ [Online] Available from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/12/13/1310750111, Accessed 19/04/2014 at 11:51 Galton, F. (1883a) Inquiry into human faculty and its development. London: Macmillan Hering, C (2008) ‘Health Benefits of Companion Animals’ [Online] Available from Health Insights Today, http://www.healthinsightstoday.com/articles/v1i2/animals_p1.html, Accessed 19/04/2014 at 11:46 Lin, D (2014a) ‘What are the Arguments For and Against Keeping Pets?’ [Online] Available from About.com, http://animalrights.about.com/od/companionanimalspets/a/Keeping_Pets.htm, Accessed 19/04/2014 at 11:58 Meggit, M.J. (1965) The association between Australian Aborigines and dingoes. In. Man, culture and animals, A. Leeds A. Vayda (eds). Washington DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science One Kind (2010a) ‘Should animals ever be kept as pets or are we simply exploiting sentient individuals for our own convenience and pleasure?’ [Online] Available from One Kind, http://www.onekind.org/take_action/campaigns/pet_origins/the_pet_keeping_debate/, Accessed 18/04/2014 at 12:22 Oxford University Press (2014) ‘Pets’ [Online] Available from Oxford University Press, http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/pet, Accessed 18/04/2014 at 12:43 PETA (2014a) ‘Exotic Animals as ‘Pets’ [Online] Available from PETA, http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-in-entertainment/exotic-animals-pets/, Accessed 19/04/2014 at 12:07 Sandoe, P and Christians, S.B (2008) ‘Companion Animals’ [Online] Available from Danish Centre for Bioethics and Risk Assessment, http://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/22431780/CompanionAnimals.pdf, Accessed 19/04/2014 at 12:15 Schuppli, C and Faser, D (2000) A Framework for Assessing the Suitability of Different Species as Companion Animals. Animal Welfare, Vol. 9, 359 – 372 Schuppli, C and Fraser, D (2000), ‘A Framework for Assessing the Suitability of Different Species as Companion Animals’, Animal Welfare, Vol.9, p.359-372 Serpell, J.A. (1986) In the company of animals. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Smith, M A (2014) ‘Why It’s Cruel to Keep Dogs as Pets’ [Online] Available from Hub Pages, http://melissaasmith.hubpages.com/hub/dogssuffer, Accessed 18/04/2014 at 14:41 The British Psychological Society (2011) ‘The Value of Pets for Human Health’ [Online] Available from The British Psychological Society, http://www.thepsychologist.org.uk/archive/archive_home.cfm?volumeID=24editionID=198ArticleID=1812, Accessed 19/04/2014 at 11:32 Tuan, Yi-Fu (1984) Dominance and affection: the making of pets. New Haven: Yale University Press. Wilson, C.C. (1991) The pet as an anxiolytic intervention, Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases 179; 482-489

Global Tales - Stories From Many Cultures :: essays research papers

Compare and contrast the two stories by R.K. Narayan. Which story do you prefer and why? In all the stories and authors featured in "Global Tales", R.K. Narayan is the most respected and well-known author. From the short description of him at the end of the book, he created a space for himself called "Malgudi" and developed his own characters, like a puppet master making his own puppets from cloth and giving them life when he does the show. His stories are universal, probably because the themes and characters of the stories are easy to identify with. He should be ninety-seven this year (year 2000). From what I know, his other books include " Malgudi Days", where " An Astrologer’s Day" is taken from. Narayan is a very observant man, sharp and sarcastic at the same time. His sarcasm become humour and it is not very obvious sometimes. We have to read between the lines to catch the joke. He is very descriptive in his writing and his world comes alive with the mood through the informative and colourful description, the characteristics and the internal thinkings of the characters, the suspense and the dialogues used. I especially admire the way he brings the story to a close, not too dramatic, yet satisfactory. Some writers often leave an unfinished ending where it is up to the reader to decide, treating this as their style and adding a sense of mystery to the story. However, these are sometimes the most horrible kind of ending, not only irritating, but also annoying. The ending is the element that wraps up the whole story, yet the writer left it out, like a jigsaw piece went missing. It is not a complete piece of writing. Lastly, I find R.K. Narayan to be naughty at times, from the w ay he phrased his sentence, and the sarcasm, but we like it. In " An Astrologer’s Day", an astrologer meets a stranger and tells his fortune. Surprisingly, the "fake" astrologer managed to tell what was true for the stranger. Then, it is only when the astrologer reveals his secret, did we know how his "magic" worked. We are brought into the world of the streets of India where there is little lighting but "a bewildering cris-cross of light rays and moving shadows". The in-depth description gives us the setting, which can be seen in our minds. Not

Geography Assessment Fertility and Mortality

1. Suggest & explain why, within a country, crude birth rate varies over time. Use named examples and evidence to support your answer. In the 19th century most countries had a very high birth rate. Since then different countries birth rate has changed and this is mainly because the government implement different polices towards their population. One set of polices is a pro-natal view and this encourages the population to have children and fertility is promoted. One reason for increasing fertility is to compensate for wartime losses for example France in 1918 after the First World War. Germany additionally applied a pro natal strategy to promote Nazi Germany as they wanted to encourage a particular race in pursuit of racially motivated polices. Also, in Japan they want to preserve the labor force from an ageing population and recently they have seen a rise in the birth rate for the first time in six years. Governments have also applied two types of Anti-natal policies to their country and these can be either voluntary or coercive. Voluntary polices include spreading information about family planning clinics with funding form the World Health Organization. They reach out to try and persuade the population to keep below a certain number of children. The earliest examples are in India and Pakistan and now Indonesia is following in their footsteps with setting up 2000 family planning clinics. However some governments turned to an involuntary anti-natal policy, Chinas one child policy is an example of this but researchers are realizing today that even though it may have been strict at the time they have come to understand that it has had very little impact on the population at all. China had and is stilling having a major population crisis. It was introduced in 1979 and if families followed this policy they received free education, health care, pensions and family benefits but these would be taken away if the couple has more than one child. However, the scheme has caused a number of problems in China. This is particularly the case for hundreds of thousands of young females. Many thousands of young girls have been abandoned by their parents as the result of the one child policy. This is because many parents in China prefer to have a boy to carry on the family name. As a result large numbers of girls have either ended up in orphanages, homeless or in some cases killed. The policy has had little impact on the population, it was already decreasing from 1970 – 1979 and had dropped from 34 per 1000 to 18 per 1000 and is now 14 per 1000. It has only gone down 4 per 1000 over 28 years and it has been resisted strongly by the people especially in rural areas as there are not enough people to work on farms. There have also been some changing polices for example in Singapore. From 1965-1987 they introduced a ‘stop at two' campaign this was designed to improve the quality of life for the Singaporean people as the live on such a small island. However the scheme changed dramatically as the government saw the population was the only asset it had. Advance in technology have allowed Singapore to do well in the global economy this is also because of its highly educated population. However now the fertility is continuing to drop and is starting to go into an ageing population. To try and increase the TRF they have introduced incentives for more children and the baby bonus scheme. This includes things such as when have a second child the government will open a children development account and money will be added to the account. Governments mainly influence the birth rates within a country because of the different policies they set in place. 2. Suggest & explain reasons why crude birth rates vary between countries at different levels of economic development There are many reasons why birth rates vary between countries which are at different levels of economic development. LEDC's tend to have very high birth rates and this is because of lack of education about family planning and contraception. In places such as Tanzania there is no access to contraception and therefore the birth rate is high at 39 per 1000. In MEDC's contraception is widely available and there this will make the birth rate decrease. You are able to buy all forms of contraception and in MEDC's people are very well educated on them and how to use them. Also, in LEDC's children are economic assets the more children you have the great income the family will gain. This is because at a very young age children are able to work on farms and earn money for the family. However, in present day this is even seen less in LEDC's as more and more children are trying to go to school to get an education. Where as in an MEDC children are known as economic burdens, they do not start working until 18 and live off there parents until then. Children in MEDC's expect a lot more in there youth such as a good education, clothes, pocket and the general living expenses for food and clothes is much more expensive than in an LEDC. Another reason that birth rates are very high in LEDC's compared to MEDC's is because there is a high infant mortality rate in most LEDC's. Sierra Leone has an infant mortality rate of 160 deaths per 1000 live births. This means that the more children a woman has then there is greater chance of survival for one of them to grow up till adult level. This is generally because of the lack of medical care available in LEDC's where as in a MEDC there is easy access to medical attention. Most babies' die of malnutrition or malaria and these are both easy dealt with in an MEDC however it is much more difficult in a place such as Kenya. In MEDC's there is lower birth rate because women's role society has changed over time. In present day a lot of women are going through higher education onto university and ready to start careers before settling down. This leads to having children later when they are older which to there ‘fertility window' being limited or not at all. Women's role in society is also linked very closely to children becoming economic burdens. Couples cannot afford having a lot of children as it is too expensive leading to smaller families with fewer children. However, the difference between LEDC and MEDC birth rates are becoming more alike. Since 2000 the total fertility rate in LEDC's are dramatically decreasing. In 2000 Ethiopia's the TRF was 7.07 and now in 2007 this has decreased to 5.10 and the same is happening in Saudi Arabia going from 6.39 children down to 3.94. However, MEDC's birth rate is also decreasing and going into an ageing population, Finland going from a Total Fertility rate of 2.04 down to 1.73 showing that the rate is now below replacement level. 3. Suggest & explain why, within a country, crude death rate varies over time. In the UK the death rate has been fluctuating since the beginning of the 18th century. The death rate was steady decreasing in the second half of the 18th century however, in the start of the 19th century this started to change. Firstly, there was a war in France although this death count was nothing compared to the deaths caused by the potato famine in 1845 over 1 million people died from starvation and disease in Ireland because of failure of the potato crop. However the death rate continued to rise from the outbreak of cholera in 1848 when over 13,000 people died. At the time there was no cure for the disease and no body new the cause of it. Before 1820 a lot of the population was insolvent and was dying because of starvation however since 1760 major advances in agriculture was made. Selective breeding was starting to occur and was soon producing ‘superior' animals. New vegetable such as carrots were being grown and the land was becoming much more productive. This then had a reflection on the life expectancy and was now more than 40 years. However, social class was definitely affecting the death rate. Research has shown that more affluent areas had a lower death rate than working class and this could be linked to poorer housing conditions which meant that disease is able to spread quicker and affect more people. In 1843 the life expectancy in Manchester was just 24 years old and with the over crowding and lack of hygiene allowed many diseases to multiply such as tuberculosis and typhus fever. Water became very contaminated and people would drink this and become very sick. Nevertheless, medical developments started to be discovered and soon enough a cure for smallpox was found. Small pox was responsible for over 21/2 million people a year and 1 in 13 children would die from it, it was the world's most feared disease. Since then medical care kept improving and they established anesthetic for operations and penicillin to kill bacteria. National Health Service was introduced in 1948 to cover the population's medical needs. In the 20th century the death rate continued to decline despite the wars and weapons and the life expectancy had risen to 75 years. However, now we have new medical issues to worry about since AIDS is the new feared disease and cancer seems to be striking more and more. However, within a country certain ages migrate to certain areas of the country for example there is a higher death rate in the south coast of England because there are lots of retirement centers down there and many people of the older generation move there for the scenery, quietness and relaxation as they do not want to retire in a city. The futures death path is undecided no one can predict what will happen. With the UK now becoming the fattest nation in Europe it seems that they have fight obesity as well. Two-thirds of men and almost 60% of women are unhealthily heavy and if nothing changes, nearly a third of boys and girls aged under 11 will be overweight or obese by 2010. With unhealthy diets, little exercise and fast food it seems like the new epidemic to beat is obesity. 4. Why do crude death rates vary between countries at different levels of economic development? Death rates between countries with different levels of economic development because of many reasons. Firstly, in LEDC's there is a much higher death rate than in MEDC's, one reason for this is access to clean water, sanitation and a reliable food supply. MEDC's have a much more reliable food supply than countries such as Ethiopia and because of this many people there die of starvation or malnutrition. The developed world has more money and infrastructure to control sewage and water filtration to make sure that water is clean and drinkable. Food has become more widely available with reliable with application of fertilisers, pesticides and agro-chemicals. In MEDC's the land area required to grow crops has decreased substantially yet the yield outputs have increased also intensive farming methods have been introduced such as the green revolution in the EU. Also, medical care in MEDC's is of a higher standard compared to LEDC's. More and more vaccinations are being introduced in MEDC's to prevent diseases and this also helps to lower the infant mortality as well as the death rate. People in MEDC's also have a higher life expectancy which lowers the death rate as people are living for longer. Disease control shows the development and access to medication. If there is good access to medical care then there is a low number of population per doctor. Somewhere such as the UK with 300 pop per doc has a better access to medical care than Ethiopia with a pop per doc of 32 499! Advances in medical technology have also helped reduce the death rate such as keyhole surgery and antibiotics. Also, some countries have a National Health Service such as the UK this means that any medical attention is free. Many LEDC's do not have this and a lot of the population cannot afford doctors which therefore mean there is a greater risk of dying from curable diseases.

The African Diaspora

The African Diaspora Introduction African Americans that had been transported to America as slaves found themselves lost with no sense of identity. It was a White man’s world and the Black man felt ostracized. In seeking to have a connection with their original culture, the Blacks began to connect with African culture in terms of dressing, religion and way of life. However, it was a challenge. They were not only African but they were also American. What did African American mean?Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The African Diaspora specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this paper, I show that the appreciation of the African Diaspora continues as the African Americans seek to treasure the struggles their ancestors went through. They also want to connect with their African heritage and culture in order to have a positive identity about themselves The Appreciation of the African Diaspora Continues It has been a long journey of African Americans towards freedom. There are writers who wrote on the racism and segregation that was prevailing in the 1920’s to 1940’s. James Baldwin in the short story, Previous Condition, narrates how Peter is thrown out of a white neighborhood in New York by the landlady. You get outa my house! She screamed. I got the right to know whos in my house! This is a white neighborhood; I dont rent to colored people. Why dont you go on uptown, like you belong? (Baldwin, 1976, pg77).His friend, Jules, was renting it and had allowed Peter to live in the room. The story is set in 1948. He had tried to hide from being seen but he had been unsuccessful. Nella Larson, in her story, Passing narrates the challenges that Blacks faced at that time. Claire, an African American, who is light skinned, passes herself off as a White woman in order to get opportunities that were not available for Blacks at that time. She marries a white man who does not know she is Black. Her husband is a racist . When asked by Claire to explain to her friends why he calls her Nig he says â€Å"Well, you see, it’s like this. When we were first married, she was as white as ⎠¯ as ⎠¯ well as white as a lily. But I declare she’s gettin’ darker and darker. I tell her if she don’t look out, she’ll wake up one of these days and find she’s turned into a nigger.† He roared with laughter† (Larson, 2003, pg 24) It is against these conditions that the African Americans sought to appreciate their culture. After the abolishment of slavery, several Blacks rose against the concepts of assimilation and integration. They wanted a complete restructuring of the country’s political and economic system. Despite the Civil Rights Act, Blacks were still facing racism. They also wanted to have an African-based culture to give them identity and a positive self-image.Advertising Looking for essay on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The experience of racism and Jim Crow Laws had caused them to feel inferior to the Whites. They had been estranged from the past. The people therefore advocated for cultural pluralism. The Blacks started looking at Africa and appreciating it as a place of rich culture. They appreciated the black’s effort in Africa through fighting to fend off imperialism and White dominancy. The whites only wanted to gain wealth through their labor. Du Bois notes that the civil war between the South and North was mainly about the slaves and not any other reason. He writes that â€Å"It was thus the black worker, as founding stone of a new economic system in the nineteenth century and for the modern world, who brought civil war in America. He was its underlying cause, in spite of every effort to base the strife upon union and national power. That dark and vast sea of human labor in China and India, the South Seas and all Afric a; in the West Indies and Central America and in the United States- that great majority of mankind, on whose bent and broken backs rest today the founding stones of modern industry- shares a common destiny† (Bois, 1998, pg15) After the civil war, the South started to reconstruct their social and political systems to accommodate free slaves who could vote. However the gains were lost when certain Whites took over who felt that the Whites should be segregated from the Blacks. It led to the Jim Crow laws of segregation. The African Americans migrated from the hostile South to the north to search for a better standard of living. The Blacks refused to quietly allow the Jim Crow laws to depress them. There arose a surge in the African American culture expressed in literature, music and art. Through these forms of art they sought to challenge the prevalent racism at that time. It came to be known as the Harlem Renaissance. They were defiant and wanted to live better lives. There aros e art institutions for African culture. In 1965, Dr Robert Pritchard established a guild society known as the American Festival of Negro Art. Later, the Morris College held a Negro History week where they showed African art and appreciated contributions by black artists to American jazz and literature. Leaders of this ethnic movement sought for schools to teach African American history. In the ghettos, there was frustration with the country’s economic and political development yet there was no progress or improvement in their lives. The blacks started to vote for black leaders who would bring change.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The African Diaspora specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Currently, due to the Blacks seeking to know their history there is so much information on the African American history and experiences. The African Diaspora will still continue even as the African Americans seek to i dentify their culture and appreciate it. It is treasured due to the struggles their ancestors went through to ensure that their culture is recognized and appreciated. Baldwin, James. â€Å"Going to Meet the Man† USA: Dell Publishers. 1976. Print. Bois, Du. â€Å"Black Reconstruction in America 1860–1880†. New York: Free Press. 1998. Print. Larsen, Nelly. â€Å"Passing†. USA: Penguin Classics. 2003. Print.

Nokia Siemens Mission and Vision Essays

Nokia Siemens Mission and Vision Essays Nokia Siemens Mission and Vision Paper Nokia Siemens Mission and Vision Paper Report on Nokia Siemens Networks Submitted To Sir Salman Jan Group Members Table of Contents [ No table of contents entries found. ] Introduction Nokia Siemens Networks is a leading global enabler of telecommunications services. With its focus on innovation and sustainability, the company provides a complete portfolio of mobile, fixed and converged network technology, as well as professional services including consultancy and systems integration, deployment, maintenance and managed services. It is one of the largest telecommunications hardware, software and professional services companies in the world. Operating in 150 countries, its headquarters are in Espoo, Finland. Every day a quarter of the world’s population connect using Nokia Siemens Networks infrastructure and solutions. This is a significant part of the resource that, by 2015, will connect five billion people and many more devices and applications. Nokia Siemens Networks Highlights Every day a quarter of the world’s population connect using Nokia Siemens Networks infrastructure and solutions * Top 3 player in key carrier markets: #2 wireless, #3 wireline, #2 services * 600+ Communications Service Provider (CSP) customers in 150 countries including 75 of the top 100 CSPs * #1 in mobile broadband with more than 170 customers, #1 in NGN voice solutions and #1 in new generation subscriber data management * More than 265 managed services contracts with 380 million subscribers * A leader in services with 28K+ professionals in more than 150 countries worldwide Undisputed LTE leadership with the most commercial deals * Best smart device support in 3G – up to 50% less signaling traffic and 80% longer battery life Nokia Siemens Networks Pakistan Nokia Siemens Networks was created by a 50-50 joint venture between Nokia’s Networks Business Group and the carrier related businesses of Siemens Communications. The company started operations on April 01, 2007. The Middle East and Africa Region, is one of the most important and strategic markets for Nokia Siemens Networks, in the fixed and mobile business. With a population of 1. 3 billion across 68 countries, the MEA region, which includes Pakistan as a business jurisdiction for the company, has an approximate subscriber base of 304 million mobile users and nearly 75 million fixed lines. As these figures are projected to increase to 576 million and 88 million users respectively by 2010, the company looks forward to the tremendous opportunity offered by the region. The convergence of fixed and mobile communications is spawning new services that are transforming the way people live, work and play. Nokia Siemens Networks will be at the forefront of this transformation, working to enable exciting services for everyone, anywhere, anytime. Mission †¦by improving efficiency and experience We have built value by addressing efficiency, and we continue to do that. But we also need to address the customer’s need for a better experience, because it’s experience that builds relationships, and relationships that build value. Vision We believe that CSPs can ultimately enable and deliver a â€Å"segment of one† – where they can define and enhance the service experience for each and every individual. Customers whose communications experience fits and works for them don’t change operators. And operators who can devote themselves to enriching the customer’s experience build stronger, more lasting and profitable customer relationships. The individual communications experience is the greatest value a communications service provider can deliver to their customer, and so it’s the greatest value we can support communications service providers in delivering. Strengths 1) Quality at work At Nokia Siemens Networks, quality is not just a strategy or theory, but is a mindset that is put in practice every single day – in all decisions and actions. Quality is part of our company culture and values. The extent of emphasis laid on ensuring they â€Å"live† quality is also demonstrated by annual Nokia Siemens Networks Quality Award, with over two hundred teams or more than 1,600 people participating in this year’s competition. 2) Proven The world’s number one in mobile broadband, LTE commercial deployment and subscriber data management. Technology and services connect people across 150 countries. We work with 75 of the world’s top 100 Communications Service Providers.

The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Educational System in Ghana Essay

The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Educational System in Ghana - Essay Example This project stresses that one of the main strengths of the educational system in Ghana is the government initiative. The government is supportive of the education in the country and has provided many schemes and programs that are supportive of education, both at the basic and advanced levels. Further, these programs have also been instrumental in encouraging students to study. For example, the government provides free education to children of school age. The government has also opened a lot of schools in the country so that education is accessible to students who may be located at far away places in the country. The government had enacted the Education Act in 1960, which sought to provide free education to students. This report makes a conclusion that the educational system in the country is benefited by the reform-oriented mentality of the educational planners in the country. This means that reforms to the educational systems have been implemented, which in turn has improved the qu ality of students in the country. For example, until recently, the educational system was mostly based on traditional systems of education, which had its own drawbacks. The reforms that were implemented in the nineties ensured that vocational and job-oriented courses were incorporated into the curriculum. This meant that more students were able to make a living from the training that they received at school and college. Reforming the content also helped in decreasing the number of drop-outs from schools.

Relationship between Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Essay - 1

Relationship between Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Development - Essay Example Considering the fact that the need to meeting once basic needs for existence can be jeopardized in the absence of economic development, not much can be said on the need to promote economic development of all people at all levels of life. The understanding that economic development brings about better living and improved lifestyle does not however guarantee economic development. This is because the achievement of economic development is a complex and systematic process that demands a lot of knowledge, professional requirements, ethical know-how among other factors to achieve (Koduah, 2009). Kasof et al (2007) describe the elements that need to be put in place to attain economic development as values. In academic circles, theorists and economists have associated entrepreneurship and innovation as two of the most important values needed in achieving economic development. Lumsdaine and Binks (2007) also reiterates the fact that creativity and problem solving has a lot of role to play in ensuring that entrepreneurship and innovation are well combined to bring about the economic development. ... Being rather more technical and theoretical, the Lester Centre for Entrepreneurship (2011) explains that â€Å"entrepreneurship has crossed border from the days it used to be all about â€Å"the pursuit of opportunity beyond the resources you currently control† to now include a rather broadened scope â€Å"with segmented interest across a wide variety of fields and topics, including new venture creation, venture capital, social ventures, business model innovation, open software, internet, corporate entrepreneurship, global business, and biotechnology.† Innovation Innovation in the economic sense can also be given a broader interpretation than the mere act of creating something new. Innovation is actually a compounded ability to be of use not just to one’s self but to society at large (Ampong, 2004). There are therefore several theories on innovation that guides the utilization of the phenomenon. Some of the theories can be mentioned as breakthrough, incremental and open source (Real Innovation, 2011). Fusing all these theories together, Peter Drucker explains that â€Å"innovation is the specific instrument of entrepreneurship... the act that endows resources with a new capacity to create wealth† (Real Innovation, 2011). Economic development According to Economics for Development (2011), â€Å"economic development is the development of economic wealth of countries or regions for the well-being of their inhabitants.† This confirms the point made earlier that economic development is directed towards the achievement of overall wellbeing of people. Theoretically, economic development is judged by certain indicators when the term is used by economic analysts. At the national level, there are indicators such as inflation rate, foreign exchange rate, interest rate and gross